Inhalt \/ Content<\/a><\/p>\nISBN: 978-3-935012-23-2
\nPreis: 19,80 \u20ac
\n\u00a9 PeWe-Verlag 2017<\/p>\n
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Die neolithisch-chalkolithische und bronzezeitliche Industalkultur geh\u00f6rt zu den fr\u00fchesten st\u00e4dtischen Hochkulturen. Ihre fl\u00e4chenm\u00e4\u00dfige Ausdehnung \u00fcbertraf die des alten \u00c4gypten und Mesopotamiens zusammen. Die gr\u00f6\u00dften St\u00e4dte hatten Abst\u00e4nde von bis zu 200 km voneinander, w\u00e4hrend es in Mesopotamien oft nur 20 km waren.
Die fr\u00fchen Phasen werden meist mit den sumerischen und akkadischen Kulturen verglichen, so dass die Erforschung fachlich nicht der Indologie, sondern der Vorderasiatischen Arch\u00e4ologie zugeordnet wird.
Wurden Schrift und Materielle Kultur bisher vorrangig bewertet, so erlaubt eine humanbiologisch-anthropologische Betrachtung neue Erkenntnisse. Eine Vielfalt ausgegrabener Knochen und Z\u00e4hne sind ein weiteres, weniger bekanntes Markenzeichen der dritten Hochkultur der „Alten Zeit“, am Indus. Die Untersuchungen erlauben Einblicke in Konstanz und Br\u00fcche zivilisatorischer Entwicklung.
Die Osteologie als Untersuchung von Knochen und Z\u00e4hnen erlaubt Lebensweise, Essgewohnheiten, Nahrungszubereitung, Hygiene, Identit\u00e4t und Lebensstandard darzustellen. F\u00fcr die Epidemiologie interessante St\u00f6rungsbilder werden geschildert. Die Verwendung genetisch-molekularbiologischer Hilfsmittel ist erst am Anfang. Beispielhafte Krankheitsbilder und erkennbare Kausalit\u00e4ten lassen Geschehens-Abl\u00e4ufe und soziobiologische Zusammenh\u00e4nge erkl\u00e4ren.
Linguistische Beobachtungen k\u00f6nnen Populationsspr\u00fcnge nicht erkl\u00e4ren. Erkl\u00e4rungen tradierter Ereignisse (Ariersturm, Rigveda) mit Hilfe von Anthropometrie und Genpools zu erfassen, ist dagegen oft zielf\u00fchrender.
Die Entwicklung des homo sapiens in S\u00fcdasien weist in \u00dcberg\u00e4ngen negative Stress- Adaptionen auf, Einbu\u00dfen in der Ern\u00e4hrung und reduzierte Robustheit folgen der Kohlenhydrat Abh\u00e4ngigkeit des Bauern gegen\u00fcber dem J\u00e4ger \/Sammler. Mobilit\u00e4t und geringere Keimgef\u00e4hrdung begr\u00fcnden bis heute einen hohen \u201eTribal-Anteil\u201c.
Beginn und Untergang der Hochkultur werfen Fragen auf, Vorg\u00e4ngerkulturen sind abzugrenzen, aber auch Faktoren des Niedergangs wie tektonische Ereignisse, fehlender Regen und Monsun oder die Versalzung des Ackerbodens.
N\u00fctzlich f\u00fcr die Analyse sind jetzige Stammesstrukturen, und strenge Endogamie- Kasten-Regeln, die Hypothesen aufgrund nur begrenzten Austausches des Genpools der Bev\u00f6lkerungsgruppen erm\u00f6glichen.
In neolithischen Gesellschaften, in \u00c4gypten und Babylonien war der Krieg allt\u00e4glich. Die Bl\u00fctezeit von Harappa dagegen wirkt auff\u00e4llig friedlich, ohne Mauern, Waffenfunde und kn\u00f6cherne L\u00e4sionen. Die hohe zivilisatorische Stufe („Wasserluxus“) wird im Rahmen der historischen Entwicklung, von Aufstieg und Abstieg, beleuchtet.
Es lohnt, sehr viel umfassender an das gegen\u00fcber Europa „d\u00fcnnere“ osteologische Material heranzugehen und \u00fcberraschende Thesen zu entwickeln. Die Studie soll einen geb\u00fcndelten, aber umfassenden \u00dcberblick \u00fcber die Befundlage geben, aus der Sicht eines Mediziners und Vorderasiatischen Altertumskundlers, zumal die Pal\u00e4opathologie S\u00fcdasiens deutschsprachig noch ein Desiderat ist.<\/p>\n
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In the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods as well as in the Bronze Age the culture of the Indus valley is among the first urban high cultures. Its surface area exceeds that of Egypt and Mesopotamia taken together. The largest cities were at a distance of up to 200 km from each other, while Mesopotamian towns were often just 20 km apart.
As the early phases are usually compared to the Sumerian and Akkadian cultures, the respective research is pursued not within the discipline of Indology but is subsumed under Near Eastern Archaeology.
So far the focus has been on writing and the material culture; an approach from the view-point of human biology and anthropology would provide a new understanding. It is too little known that excavations of this third high culture of Antiquity have brought to light a great variety of bones and teeth. Analyses of these finds allow an insight into continuity and breaks in the development of civilization.
The osteological analysis of bones and teeth allows to draw a picture of the way of living, the customary diet, the preparation of food, hygiene, identity and the standard of living. One has just begun to call in the assistance of genetics and molecular biology. Disease pictures have been described that will be of interest to epidemiologists. Exemplary disease symptoms and recognizable causalities offer explanations for sequential processes and socio-biological connections.
Linguistic observation cannot offer explanations for population leaps. It may, on the contrary, be more to the point to try and explain transmitted events (Aryan invasion, Rigveda) with the help of anthropometrics and gene pools.
In periods of transition the development of homo sapiens in South Asia is marked by negative adaptation of stress; a reduced diet and diminished robustness are consequences of the farmer\u2019s increased dependence on carbo-hydrates compared to that of the hunter\/gatherer. Mobility and a lower exposure to germs lie, to this day, at the bottom of a high \u201ctribal share\u201d.
Questions need to be answered concerning the beginning and the end of the high culture, preceding cultures have to be defined but also factors hastening the decline, such as tectonic events, lack of rain and monsoon or the salinization of arable soil.
Modern tribal structures and strict caste rules prescribing endogamy are helpful for the analysis: they allow for hypotheses based on the limited exchange of gene pools among the population groups.
In Neolithic societies, in Egypt and Babylonia war was omnipresent. Harappa in its heyday appears remarkably peaceful: no walls, no finds of weapons, no lesions on the bones. The high level of civilization („water luxury“) will be described as part of the historical development of rise and decline.
It is worthwhile to give the osteological material \u2013 \u201cthinner\u201d in comparison with European material \u2013 a much closer look and develop surprising hypotheses. The study is meant as a concentrated but comprehensive overview about the state of the findings, from the standpoint of a medical man and a historian of the Ancient Near East. By the way, a German study of the palaeo-pathology of South Asia is still lacking.<\/p>\n
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Ralph L\u00fcbbe Knochen- und Zahnfunde im Indusgebiet. Betrachtungen zur Abgrenzung des Fr\u00fch- und Reif-Harappa-Komplexes und seines s\u00fcdasiatischen Umfeldes. Format: 29 x 21 cm\u00a0\u2014 Softcover Umfang:\u00a0122 Seiten, mit 70 AbbildungenInhalt \/ Content ISBN: 978-3-935012-23-2 Preis: 19,80 \u20ac \u00a9 PeWe-Verlag 2017Die neolithisch-chalkolithische und bronzezeitliche Industalkultur geh\u00f6rt zu den fr\u00fchesten st\u00e4dtischen Hochkulturen. Ihre fl\u00e4chenm\u00e4\u00dfige Ausdehnung \u00fcbertraf die des […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-773","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewe-verlag.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewe-verlag.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewe-verlag.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pewe-verlag.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pewe-verlag.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=773"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.pewe-verlag.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3045,"href":"https:\/\/www.pewe-verlag.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/773\/revisions\/3045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewe-verlag.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}